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Managing Esca Disease in Grapevines: A Comprehensive Guide to Prevention and Control

"Esca is one of the most devastating and complex grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) affecting vineyards globally. Known since antiquity, this "silent killer" has seen a dramatic resurgence over the last two decades, particularly following the ban of sodium arsenite, the only chemical treatment that previously showed high efficacy. Today, Esca represents a significant economic threat to the wine industry, causing reduced yields, lower fruit quality, and the premature death of established vines. Understanding the synergy between the various fungal pathogens involved and the environmental stressors that trigger symptoms is critical for any viticultu..."

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